Wet Process Heating and Cooling Equipment

Immersion Heater Solution Guide

SOLUTION	TYPE OF HEATER	SOLUTION	TYPE OF HEATER	SOLUTION	TYPE OF HEATER

Acetic .................................. PTFE* or Quartz		Copper Cyanide ................. 304 Stainless Steel		Nitric Hydrochloric Acids... PTFE* or Quartz
Acetane 70, 80 .................................... PTFE*		Copper Fluoborate ............................... PTFE*		Nitric Phosphoric ....................... Quartz
Actane Salt .......................................... PTFE*		Copper Pyrophosphate ..... 304 Stainless Steel		Oil ................................................ Steel
Acid Sulfate .......................... PTFE* or Quartz		Copper Strike .................... 304 Stainless Steel		Oleic Acid ..................... PTFE* or Quartz
Alcorite ................................ PTFE* or Quartz		Copper Sulfate ..................... PTFE* or Quartz		Oxalic Acid.....................PTFE* or Quartz
Alkaline Cleaners (Electrified)....... 304 Stainless Steel		Cyanide ............................ 304 Stainless Steel		Paint Stripper (Alkaline) ........ 304 Stainless Steel
Alkaline Soaking Cleaners .... 304 Stainless Steel		Deionized Water .......... 316 Stainless Steel or Titanium		Perchlorethylene .......... 316 Stainless Steel
Alodine (most formulas) ....... 316 Stainless Steel		Deoxidizer (Etching) ...............PTFE* or Quartz		Phosphoric Acid (No Fluoride) ....... PTFE* or Quartz
Alstan ............................... 304 Stainless Steel		Deoxidizer Non-Chromated ....... 316 Stainless Steel		Phosphate Cleaner ..... 304 Stainless Steel
Aluminum Bright Dip ............ PTFE* or Quartz		Dichromic Seal ..................................... Steel		Phosphate .................. 316 Stainless Steel
Aluminum Cleaners .............. 304 Stainless Steel		Diethylene Glycol ................ 304 Stainless Steel		Potassium Acid Sulfate ..... PTFE* or Quartz
Aluminum Chloride .............. PTFE* or Quartz		Diversey, 511, 514 ................................ PTFE*		Potassium Cyanide ........ 304 Stainless Steel
Aluminum Sulfate ................ 304 Stainless Steel		Dow Therm ...................... 316 Stainless Steel		Potassium Hydroxide .... 304 Stainless Steel
Ammonia ............................ 304 Stainless Steel		Dye Solutions .................... 304 Stainless Steel		Potassium Hydrochloric ..... PTFE* or Quartz
Ammonia Persulfate ............. PTFE* or Quartz		Ebonal C ........................................... Titanium		Potassium Permanganate........... PTFE* or Titanium
Ammonium Bi Fluoride......................... PTFE*		Electroless Copper .............................. PTFE*		Rhodium ........................ PTFE* or Quartz
Ammonium Chloride ........................ Titanium		Electroless Nickel ............... PTFE* or Titanium		Rochelle Salt Cyanide .........304 Stainless Steel
Ammonium Nitrate ............. 316 Stainless Steel		Electroless Tin (Acid) ........... PTFE* or Quartz		Ruthenium Plating..............PTFE* or Quartz
Anodizing (Aluminum).............. PTFE* or Quartz		Electroless Tin (Alkaline) .... 316 Stainless Steel		Salt (Actine) .................................. PTFE*
ARP 28, 80 Blackening Salts... PTFE* or Quartz		Electro Cleaner .................. 304 Stainless Steel		Sea Water .................................. Titanium
Arsenic ............................. 304 Stainless Steel		Electro Polishing ................... PTFE* or Quartz		Silver Bromide ........... 316 Stainless Steel
Barium Chloride .............. Quartz or Titanium		Enthone 80 Acid ................................. PTFE*		Silver Cyanide ........... 304 Stainless Steel
Benzoic Acid ................................... Titanium		Ethylene Glycol .................................... Steel		Silver Lume ............... 304 Stainless Steel
Black Nickel ......................... PTFE* or Quartz		Ferric Ammonium Oxide ..... 316 Stainless Steel		Silver Nitrate ............. 316 Stainless Steel
Black Oxide (Hi-Temp) ....... 304 Stainless Steel		Ferric Chloride ....... PTFE*, Quartz, or Titanium		Sodium Bisulfate .......... PTFE* or Quartz
Black Oxide (Low-Temp) .................. Titanium		Ferric Nitrate ..................... 304 Stainless Steel		Sodium Carbonate .................... Titanium
Bonderizing ....................... 316 Stainless Steel		Ferric Sulfate .................... 304 Stainless Steel		Sodium Chlorate ........................ Titanium
Boric Acid ........................................ Titanium		Fluoborate ............................................ PTFE*		Sodium Chloride .......................... Titanium
Brass Cyanide .................. 304 Stainless Steel		Formic Acid ..................... 316 Stainless Steel		Sodium Cyanide ......... 304 Stainless Steel
Bright Nickel ........... PTFE*, Quartz, or Titanium		Glycerol ........................... 304 Stainless Steel		Sodium Dichromate (Hot Seal) ... 316 Stainless Steel
Bright Copper Cyanide ....... 304 Stainless Steel		Immersion Gold ................ 304 Stainless Steel		Sodium Hydroxide ......................... Steel
Bronze (Alkaline)................. 304 Stainless Steel		Gold-Acid .............. PTFE*, Quartz, or Titanium		Sodium Hypochlorite .................... PTFE*
Brown Oxide ................................... Titanium		Gold Cyanide .................... 304 Stainless Steel		Sodium Persulfate ......... PTFE* or Quartz
Burnite ................................. PTFE* or Quartz		Grey Nickel ............ PTFE*, Quartz, or Titanium		Stannate ....................................... Steel
Butyric Acid .................................... Titanium		Hot Seal Dichromate ......... 316 Stainless Steel		Stanostar .................... PTFE* or Quartz
Cadmium Black ................... PTFE* or Quartz		Hydrochloric Acid ................. PTFE* or Quartz		Stearic Acid .............................. Quartz
Cadmium (Alkaline) ............ 304 Stainless Steel		Hydrofluoric Acid ................................. PTFE*		Sulfamate Nickel ........ PTFE*, Quartz, or Titanium
Cadmium Fluoborate ........................... PTFE*		Hydrogen Peroxide ............. PTFE* or Quartz		Sulfur .......................... PTFE* or Quartz
Calcium Chloride ............................. Titanium		Indium ................................ PTFE* or Quartz		Sulfur Peroxide ........... PTFE* or Quartz
Calcium Hypochlorite ....................... Titanium		Iridite (4-75,4-73,14,14-2,14-9)...... 316 Stainless Steel		Sulfuric Acid ............... PTFE* or Quartz
Carbonic Acid .................................. Titanium		Iridite (1,2,3,4-C,7,8,15) ....... PTFE* or Quartz		Sulphamic Acid ............... PTFE* or Quartz
Caustic Etch ........................................ Steel		Iron Fluoborate .................................... PTFE*		Tannic Acid ........................... Titanium
Caustics .............................................. Steel		Iron Phosphate ................... 316 Stainless Steel		Tin Nickel ...................................... PTFE*
Caustics (highly concentrated 20% and over)... Steel		Isoprep (186,187,188) ....... 316 Stainless Steel		Tin Plating (Acid) (Stanus/Sulphate)...PTFE* or Quartz
Chlorine/Wet ....................... PTFE* or Quartz		Isoprep Acid Salts ............................... PTFE*		Tin Plating Acid (Fluoborate) ........... PTFE*
Chloride ............... PTFE*, Quartz or Titanium		Jetal .................................. 304 Stainless Steel		Tin Plating (Alkaline) .... 304 Stainless Steel
Chlorosulfuric Acid .......................... Titanium		Lead Acetate .................... 304 Stainless Steel		Trichlorethylene .......... 316 Stainless Steel
Chromic Anodizing ............... PTFE* or Quartz		Lime Saturated Water (Alkaline)......316 Stainless Steel		Trioxide (Pickle) ............. PTFE* or Quartz
Chromic Acetate .................. PTFE* or Quartz		Linseed Oil ........................ 304 Stainless Steel		Turco (4181, 4338) ..... 316 Stainless Steel
Chromic Nickel .................... PTFE* or Quartz		Magnesium Hydroxide........ 304 Stainless Steel		Unichrome ...................... PTFE* or Quartz
Chromium (No Fluorides)............PTFE*,Quartz, or Titanium		Magnesium Nitrate ............... PTFE* or Quartz		Water ......... 316 Stainless Steel or Quartz
Chromium (Fluoride) ............................ PTFE*		Manganese Phosphate ..... 316 Stainless Steel		Wood’s Nickel Strike .... Titanium, PTFE*, or Quartz
Citric Acid ........................................ Titanium		McDermid 629 .................................... PTFE*		Yellow Dichromate .......... PTFE* or Quartz
Clear Chromate .................... PTFE* or Quartz		Mercuric Chloride ............................ Titanium		Zinc Acid ...................... PTFE* or Titanium
Cobalt Nickel ........... PTFE*, Quartz, or Titanium		Muriatic Acid ....................... PTFE* or Quartz		Zinc Ammonium Chloride........ Quartz or Titanium
Cobalt Plating .................. 304 Stainless Steel		Nickel (Plating Solution) (Watts) ...PTFE*, Quartz, or Titanium		Zinc Cyanide................ 304 Stainless Steel
Cobra Etch .......................................... PTFE*		Nickel Acetate Seal ......... 316 Stainless Steel		Zinc Phosphate ........... 316 Stainless Steel
Copper Acid ......................... PTFE* or Quartz		Nickel Chloride .................................... Titanium		Zincate .................... 304 Stainless Steel
Copper Bright Acid .............. PTFE* or Quartz		Nitric Acid ............................... PTFE* or Quartz

Solutions requiring derated heaters are indicated by blue type. *PTFE is a polytetrafluoroethylene fluoropolymer.

THE DATA LISTED IS PROVIDED GRATIS AND IS OFFERED AS A GUIDE ONLY. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO BE USED AS THE SOLE BASIS OF DESIGN OR TO ESTABLISH SPECIFICATION LIMITS. PROCESS TECHNOLOGY ASSUMES NO OBLIGATION OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ADVICE FURNISHED BY IT OR FOR RESULTS OBTAINED FROM USE. DUE TO THE COMPLEXITIES OF SOLUTIONS AND APPLICATIONS, IT IS THE CUSTOMER'S RESPONSIBILITY TO CONTACT THEIR CHEMICAL SUPPLIER FOR HEATER MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY AND RECOMMENDATIONS. FOR APPLICATIONS INVOLVING SOLUTION CONCENTRATIONS EXCEEDING 50%, CONSULT FACTORY FOR WATT DENSITY RECOMMENDATIONS.

PLEASE ENSURE APPLICABILITY OF HEATER BEFORE INSTALLING SINCE WE CANNOT GUARANTEE HEATERS AGAINST PREMATURE FAILURE DUE TO CORROSION OR CHEMICAL DESTRUCTION CAUSED BY UNUSUAL CONDITION OVER WHICH WE HAVE NO CONTROL, SUCH AS:

• Excessively high solution temperatures.

• The concentration of the solution.

• The presence of inhibitors.

• The presence of other acids causing a secondary reaction.

• Stray electrical currents.

• Flux floating on the surface.

• The presence of disolved gases.

• Excessive sludge build-up.

• Stagnant or turbulent flow of the solution.

• Aeration.

• Presence of oxygen or an oxidizing agent in the solution.

• Erosion.

• High pressures.

• Vacuum conditions.

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•	Excessively high solution temperatures.
•	The concentration of the solution.
•	The presence of inhibitors.
•	The presence of other acids causing a secondary reaction.
•	Stray electrical currents.
•	Flux floating on the surface.
•	The presence of disolved gases.
•	Excessive sludge build-up.
•	Stagnant or turbulent flow of the solution.
•	Aeration.
•	Presence of oxygen or an oxidizing agent in the solution.
•	Erosion.
•	High pressures.
•	Vacuum conditions.